sources.list:ubuntu的入门技巧

UBUNTU真的很好很强大，对于学习计算机的人来说，它绝对是个比WIN优秀N倍的选择，你的所有操作都可以清晰的向你解释计算机的原理，我们的计算机教育应该以它为平台来开展了，再在WIN平台上开发，对于学生的成长绝对是个不利的选择。
下面说一下这次升级的体会吧：
一、不要打开UBUNTU更新源中“不确认就升级“的选项，特别是使用着7.*版的朋友，不然的话你的UBUNTU会立马升到8上去的。我就是这么被迫升级的。

二、一定要先修改源，默认的源速度非常之慢，更新一次基本要N个小时，改为国内的源之后，我在2小时内就完成了全部的更新，ubuntu的更新很多，特别对于习惯使用中文界面的我们来说，大约要下载200m的数据。先用下面的命令打开源列表：

sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list_backup sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list

你看到的应该是下面这样的默认源列表：

# deb cdrom:[Ubuntu 8.04 _Hardy Heron_ - Release i386 (20080423)]/ hardy main restricted # See http://help.ubuntu.com/community/UpgradeNotes for how to upgrade to # newer versions of the distribution. deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ hardy main restricted deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ hardy main restricted ## Major bug fix updates produced after the final release of the ## distribution. deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ hardy-updates main restricted deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ hardy-updates main restricted ## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu ## team, and may not be under a free licence. Please satisfy yourself as to ## your rights to use the software. Also, please note that software in ## universe WILL NOT receive any review or updates from the Ubuntu security ## team. deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ hardy universe deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ hardy universe deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ hardy-updates universe deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ hardy-updates universe ## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu ## team, and may not be under a free licence. Please satisfy yourself as to ## your rights to use the software. Also, please note that software in ## multiverse WILL NOT receive any review or updates from the Ubuntu ## security team. deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ hardy multiverse deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ hardy multiverse deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ hardy-updates multiverse deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ hardy-updates multiverse ## Uncomment the following two lines to add software from the 'backports' ## repository. ## N.B. software from this repository may not have been tested as ## extensively as that contained in the main release, although it includes ## newer versions of some applications which may provide useful features. ## Also, please note that software in backports WILL NOT receive any review ## or updates from the Ubuntu security team. # deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ hardy-backports main restricted universe multiverse # deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ hardy-backports main restricted universe multiverse ## Uncomment the following two lines to add software from Canonical's ## 'partner' repository. This software is not part of Ubuntu, but is ## offered by Canonical and the respective vendors as a service to Ubuntu ## users. deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu hardy partner deb-src http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu hardy partner deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu hardy-security main restricted deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu hardy-security main restricted deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu hardy-security universe deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu hardy-security universe deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu hardy-security multiverse deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu hardy-security multiverse

由于我们中国特色的网络速度，咱们在上面的这些源更新时一般只有5000b/s的速度，也就是当年小猫上网的水平，最高也就只能20k/s，所以，不用多想，清除所有内容后，更换为下面的内容：

deb http://archive.ubuntu.org.cn/ubuntu-cn/ hardy main restricted universe multiverse deb http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu/ hardy main restricted universe multiverse deb http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu/ hardy-security main restricted universe multiverse deb http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu/ hardy-updates main restricted universe multiverse deb http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu/ hardy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse deb http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu/ hardy-backports main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu/ hardy main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu/ hardy-security main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu/ hardy-updates main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu/ hardy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu/ hardy-backports main restricted universe multiverse deb http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu hardy main restricted universe multiverse deb http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu hardy-security main restricted universe multiverse deb http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu hardy-updates main restricted universe multiverse deb http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu hardy-backports main restricted universe multiverse deb http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu hardy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu hardy main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu hardy-security main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu hardy-updates main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu hardy-backports main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu hardy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

使用上面的列表后，我的铁通1M ADSL可以保持在120k左右的更新速度，基本上不到一小时就完成了全部的更新

三、再看看GRUB的乱吧：

title        Ubuntu 8.04.1, kernel 2.6.24-18-generic root        (hd0,2) kernel        /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.24-18-generic root=UUID=4e2ffd9a-ccdd-4754-9808-3961437a8287 ro quiet splash locale=zh_CN initrd        /boot/initrd.img-2.6.24-18-generic quiet title        Ubuntu 8.04.1, kernel 2.6.24-18-generic (recovery mode) root        (hd0,2) kernel        /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.24-18-generic root=UUID=4e2ffd9a-ccdd-4754-9808-3961437a8287 ro single initrd        /boot/initrd.img-2.6.24-18-generic title        Ubuntu 8.04.1, kernel 2.6.24-16-generic root        (hd0,2) kernel        /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.24-16-generic root=UUID=4e2ffd9a-ccdd-4754-9808-3961437a8287 ro quiet splash locale=zh_CN initrd        /boot/initrd.img-2.6.24-16-generic quiet title        Ubuntu 8.04.1, kernel 2.6.24-16-generic (recovery mode) root        (hd0,2) kernel        /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.24-16-generic root=UUID=4e2ffd9a-ccdd-4754-9808-3961437a8287 ro single initrd        /boot/initrd.img-2.6.24-16-generic

上面这些是更新后多出来的，UBUNTU为什么要出来这么多呢，不知道为什么会这样，很郁闷的哟，而且GRUB的更新是随着系统更新前两行的，如果你像我一样把win的选项移动到了开头，那么在下次更新后你就看不到win的选单了。不过好在ubuntu是很强大的，你只要再修改一下就行了，在选项的最后回上原来的引导命令就行：

# This is a divider, added to separate the menu items below from the Debian # ones. title        Other operating systems: root # This entry automatically added by the Debian installer for a non-linux OS # on /dev/sda1 title        Windows NT/2000/XP root        (hd0,0) savedefault makeactive chainloader    +1

这是我的本本上在第一个分区安装XP的命令，如果你的分区不同就要做一些修改了。

最后记一下修改GRUB的命令：

sudo gedit /boot/grub/menu.lst

别忘记是在终端执行它哟。